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这本理财Guides告诉你如何开始理财计划的过程. It provides worksheets to help you find out where you 是 financially 而且 where you want to be in the future. 这将帮助你确定你的目标, 确定你的净值和现金流, 计划实现你的目标，并开始将你的计划付诸行动. 财务安全不仅来源于获得更多的钱，还来源于计划. A solid financial plan can alleviate financial worries about the future 而且 ensure that you will meet your financial goals - whether they relate to retirement, 资产收购, 教育, 或者只是度假.
这本理财Guides可以让你迈出坚实计划的第一步. 请遵循其中的说明和指导方针, 你可以知道你现在在哪里，你可以如何把你的计划付诸行动. 制定财务计划有很多方法. 本Guides中概述的方法只是众多方法中的一种. Your financial advisor can assist you in setting up the financial plan that best meets your particular situation 而且 需要s. 确定你的目标Spend some time thinking 而且 talking with family members about what you would like to achieve financially. 什么能让你和他们幸福? 什么是有成就感的? 你想自己创业吗? 提前退休? 购置度假屋? 追求一个爱好? 旅行? 也许你想转行, 你还需要钱去接受不同领域的教育. Or perhaps you'd like to have a large amount of money to give to your favorite charity. Once you've got some idea of what you'd like to accomplish, fill out the 目标 Worksheet below.
确定你的净资产Your financial plan should include an inventory of the existing financial resources you'll be using to achieve the goals you decided on above. 请填写下面的个人净资产表. This will enable you to estimate the value of everything you own, minus the value of your debts. When asked for a value, use what the property would fetch if you sold it today at its market value. 这可能需要一些时间，但努力是值得的. 这是你的财务计划的基础. 财务报表 日期:
This statement should be reviewed to determine which assets 是 available to achieve the goals you listed above. If most of your net worth is tied up in your home 而且 personal use assets (such as furniture 而且 cars), 你可能无法实现你的目标. 为了实现你的目标，你可以投资哪些资产? 它们足够吗? 如果不是, you may 需要 to liquidate other assets or start a savings plan out of your cash flow to come up with the necessary funds. 确定你的现金流Once you've completed the net worth statement, fill in the cash flow statement below. 这会让你估计出你每年挣多少钱——你的薪水, 投资收入, 还有退休收入和你目前的开支. 填写这张表格, it will help to have on h而且 your check register 而且 one year's worth of credit card receipts. Here's why the cash flow statement is so important: once you know how much is coming in 而且 how much of it is going out in the form of expenses, you can start to make adjustments in your discretionary expenses in order to meet your saving 而且 investment goals. 现金流量表 期:
有多少现金流可用于为上述目标积累资产? Is it sufficient in combination with your available assets from your net worth statement? 如果不是, you 需要 to examine the above expenses in detail 而且 cut back on those which 是 discretionary until sufficient cash flow is identified. 计划实现你的目标现在你知道了你的目标是什么，也对你的财务资源有了一个概念, 是时候开始制定计划了. 金融安全网确定你在灾难或紧急情况下需要的资金. 这种意外事件的费用来自保险和应急基金. 应急基金You should have a fund of three to six months (we'll leave the number of months to your judgment) worth of living expenses to tide you over in case you lose your job or have unexpected bills. The emergency fund should be kept in an accessible account: a money market account is good for this purpose. 人寿保险确保你的保险范围足够. 你应该有足够的保险, should a catastrophe occur to ensure your family would continue to enjoy the same level of income it does currently. 残障保险Disability insurance is intended to replace lost income due to the occurrence of illness or accident. 考虑一下你是否需要为你的家人提供保险.
汽车、家庭和健康保险重要的是要确保这些类型的政策提供足够的覆盖范围. 如果不是, an accident or other catastrophe could wipe out a large portion of your assets or cash flow 而且 you may be unable to achieve your goals.
确定你需要多少一旦你已经购买了保险和应急基金, 你可以开始朝着你的财务目标努力了. 回到你的目标工作表(上面)，在下面的工作表中输入目标. 对于每个目标，估计“目标的成本”，即.e.这是实现这一目标的成本. 例如, 如果你想在55岁退休, 估计一下到那时你需要积攒多少储蓄. (Don't bother accounting for inflation right now; this is just an estimate.) 然后填写“手头金额”i.e.，即你已为此目的储蓄的金额. 例如, 如果你有10美元,在共同基金个人退休账户里, 你可能希望把这笔钱分配到你的退休储蓄中. 接下来，写下“仍然需要的金额”.然后，填写“到目标日期的年份”，即.e.也就是你想实现目标的那一年. 最后, 输入“年度储蓄计划”," the amount you 需要 to save each year (the "Amount Still Needed" divided by the "Years to 目标日期").
把“年度储蓄计划”加起来.e.在最右边一栏是你每年需要存的金额. Look back at the "Savings" amount in the expense portion of your cash flow statement (above). 有多少 是 你目前在存钱? 这个和你比起来怎么样 需要 为了实现你的目标而存钱? 大多数人发现他们储蓄的金额是不够的.
你可能也想重新审视一下你的目标. 也许需要修改它们，或者需要推迟目标日期. 把计划付诸行动制定储蓄计划. 你将如何节省你的目标金额? 你会从工资中扣除吗? 你会每月把它们存入储蓄账户吗? Once you've accumulated a chunk of savings for each goal, you'll 需要 an investment strategy. 对于每个目标，确定你愿意用你的储蓄承担多大的风险. 这取决于你能承受多少损失, 目标是多么重要啊, 以及你自己的风险偏好. 你最近可能读过资产配置的内容, 而且 wondered whether an investor such as yourself 需要ed to worry about this concept. 答案是肯定的. 资产配置-不是基金或证券选择, not market timing - is the most important factor in determining how much money you make on your investments. 事实上, 根据诺贝尔奖得主的研究, asset allocation the type or class of security owned - determines 90 percent of the return. 剩下的10%的回报取决于具体的股票, 债券, 或者你选择共同基金, 当你决定买的时候. In short, asset allocation 而且 diversification 是 the cornerstones of good investing.
以下是投资者可以做的最重要的三件事:
资产配置如何运作?使用计算机化公式, asset allocator's take down information they glean from a questionnaire you have filled out. 这些信息可以让他们了解你的需求, 约束, 以及独特的环境. 从调查问卷中可以看出以下因素.
除了, 专业人士需要考虑你有多富有, 你的所得税等级是多少, 你的投资组合中有多少需要保持流动性, 以及从投资组合中提款的频率. The allocator's goal now is to come up with the right blend of six or seven asset classes, 正确的比例, 这将符合你的财务状况——你的风险状况和时间范围. |
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